Monday, February 1, 2016

Evidence of Climate Change

Climate Change - EVIDENCE
Dr. Katz (Earth and Environmental Science, RPI)
01/20/16

Dr. Katz gave a lecture explaining to the class the evidence behind why climate change is happening along with the possible future impacts. Different types of evidence, gathered all around the world, showed a similar trend. The evidence included graphs showing different types of gasses such as CO2 and CH4, both of which are greenhouse gasses. In the natural cycle of glacial and interglacial periods on earth, the amount of these gasses should be decreasing based on what Dr. Katz showed us based on evidence found in ice cores. This was based on evidence showing the Earth’s climate moving in a cyclical pattern of the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere along with the surface temperature over time. Based on the traditional pattern of the Earth's climate the temperature and amount of greenhouse gasses should be decreasing but instead they are reaching record levels in recent history.


This is very important to society because as the climate changes, it causes multiple aspects of society to change, such as but not limited to: the economy, agriculture, need for new construction and an overall effect on how the government has to spend money in many areas.

For the government, climate changes will affect many departments and agencies on many levels. Including research and development of cleaner and more efficient ways to obtain and use energy. Making sure that the infrastructure can withstand the changes in weather patterns such as stronger storms, also needed to be studied.  Also, the government faces a huge challenge in trying to unite politicians both nationally and internationally in accepting and spending money in response to the potential long term effects of climate change.

As was previously stated in class, the environment is not part of the economy, the economy is part of the environment[D2] . The economy will be affected in many ways due to the fact that many different types of goods and services will be affected by a changing climate. The food industry is being affected greatly with agriculture having to change because farmers have to plant differently due to differences in weather caused by changes in climate.

Greenhouse Gasses - These are gasses that trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere causing the overall temperature of the planet to increase. These gasses include carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor.

CO2- Carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas that was projected to decrease but started to increase around 10,000 years ago when it was believed that there was major deforestation caused by humans. CO2 greatly increased in the mid to late 19th century and has rapidly increased ever since then.

CH4- Methane, greenhouse gas that was projected to decrease until about 5000 years ago when agriculture left the fertile crescent and grew across the continents. This coincides with an increase in rice paddies which produce large amount of methane. It is still increasing today due both methane from livestock, along with a larger amount of agriculture such as rice paddies.

Ice Cores - A large columns of ice that researchers drill to see what the atmosphere was like over time in both the amount of greenhouse gases and temperatures.
 ppm- Parts per Million. The unit used for the amount of a gas in the atmosphere. This is  similar to percent (parts per hundred).

Mauna Loa Observatory -  In mid 20th century in Hawaii the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere was recorded and has been researched continuously since then. It was found that the graph of the data was that the PPM of CO2 is increasing exponentially.

Natural Variability - The Earth has an average natural variability of CO2 in the atmosphere based on the previous climate cycles studied from ice cores. The natural variability for CO2 is 180 to 280 ppm. Instead today CO2 is over 400 PPM.

·         Keeling Curve

·         Methane hydrate and idea that top 3 m of  permafrost contain more carbon than in entire atmosphere now

·         Can trace volcanic carbon that is isotopically different from carbon released from fossil fuels

·         El Nino and La Nina don’t explain overall changes we are seeing

·         Satellite evidence of earth’s temperature changes

·         Top 10 hottest years on record occurred since 1998



Connections
Dr. Borton, Using solar energy as a  possible way to reduce the impact of and limit climate change in the future.

Cleanroom, The manufacturing of photovoltaic cells aka “solar cells” use for solar energy as a way to reduce climate change in the future.

**Be able to read about climate change and see if the evidence provided is of high quality or not. If so, be able to list facts that show why you agree. If not, be able to list facts as to why you disagree. For example, what evidence do you have to agree or disagree with the conclusions implied by this chart: http://www.weatherquestions.com/Loehle-2000-yr-proxies.gif** 

Links
Amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and the temperature over time.

Climate Projections












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